George Washington Essay Example for Free

George Washington EssayGeorge Washington faced many contends during his presidency. Some of these challenges were difficulty of setting up a sore government, domestic difficulties, and foreign affairs. He had a hard eight years of presidency but he mostly resolved all the problems.One of his challenges was setting up a new government. This was hard because people just revolted against their death form of government. They revolted against their last government because taxation was a major issue. Collecting federal taxes as a pat issue. The whiskey rebellion was a rebellion over the tax on alcoholic beverages such as whiskey. Washington wanted to stop the rebellion by establishing power of the federal government to keep order and collect taxes. Another issue that relates to this is paying off war caused by most colonies.Another challenge was Domestic difficulties. Years of war had not whatsoever helped the US economy. Most of these people were facing very hard times. The Const itution did not receive legitimate support. And the Colonies were used to dealing with their own affairs. The conflict between colonies rights and the Federal governments power was more legit and significant than ever. There was a lot of fear about a new Revolution which formed more circumscriptions on personal freedom than ever. Two political factions appeared even within Washingtons cabinet.One last issue was foreign affairs. There were potential problems with France and Great Britain on top of gaining respect from Europe for the beginning of a new government. Also, the British had not take there soldiers from the north western United States of the United States. They also supplied weapons and support to the Indians in their resistance to the settlers. Louisiana and Florida were controlled by the French and British along with all of the land west and south. Spain and Britain wanted to colonize North America and they made no effort to secretize it.George Washington had many chall enges during his Presidency such as, difficulty of setting up a new government, domestic difficulties, and foreign affairs. Although this was hard George Washington managed to take care of it. George Washington clearly faced many challenges.

Major trends in corrections Essay Example for Free

Major trends in corrections EssayFunctions of photography in practice of law investigationIt can be to heal- using of photography, the investigator solve the crime by examining the photograph and identify who is the perpetrator. It can be to informIt can be to record- to record the crime scene itself and to record the evidence.It can be to influenceIt can be to entertainIt can be to transformIt can be to preserve- to preserve all the evidence that captured in the crime scene. make up though the crime scene is cleaned there are the photographs to be examined.It can be to decorateIt can be to use- use in examining crime scene. And it is used as evidence.It can be to play2010 The twelvemonth of the correctional officerIn a year of tightened budges, officer furloughs, and increased media attention, officers stood strong. By Barry EvertEvery year I am asked to create verbally ab prohibited the year prior. Quite h istly, I rarely agree to this because it usually has little trainin g value. This year, though, I demand made the exception. 2010 was a lot of things to a lot of people. Overall, probably, it was a rough year for most reading this. 2010 was not the year of the dragon, or the year of the dog it was the year of the Correctional Officer.Budget cuts was the song strain from high at almost every capitol building in the country. Politicians proudly paraded themselves as the saviors of the economy as they slashed public safety budgets to new lows. At the same time new spending programs were put into place for everything from the protection of tree frogs to building bridges to straighta modalityhere. At the bottom of this pile was corrections. more police agencies were able to scream loudly enough to get enough funding to keep their departments running, albeit barely. When Corrections agencies made the same call, we were largely ignored. Many states implemented a furlough program, or something similar, that cut the salaries of the lowest paid employees. On top of this, training was cut to an all time low, while the hiring of new officers was frozen. Simple mathematics tells us that it was also time for a whole generation of officers to retire. They have yet to be replaced, so mandatory overtime is the norm. During the build-up of the popularity of crack cocaine in the early 80s, crime rose to an all time high. Incarceration rates shot through the roof at the same time. This, along with tougher sentencing laws, direct to a wave of prison building and hiring. By the early 90s, most departments had outgrown themselves, and were desperately hiring as many people as they could.Those officers are now due to retire. Few states took this into consideration, so as we entered this year under budget cuts, we were expected to do more with less much less.So was 2010 a loss? not exactly. Through all of this, the community has learned an important lesson if they choose to look. In almost any other profession, these reductions in pay, along with an increase in peril at the working environment, would have led to catastrophic work stoppages, or large scale protests. But no one walked away from their duties. No one went on strike. And to the best of my knowledge, there were only a few small scale protests by officers. At the end of the day, feeling underappreciated and underpaid, correctional officers punch the clock after protecting society from those they have incarcerated. With many of the resources cut or gone, we went about our business and did our job. Yes, some mistakes were made.Many were due to a lack of resources or just plain tired officers making mistakes. With fewer resources in place, and with less staff, the average officer worked even harder than usual, and did so at a discounted salary.No walk-outs, no black flu, no rebellion. I would never have expected less from us as a group, that others are starting to take note. People who have never dealt with corrections are starting to understand our predicament. It was not because we sat on the floor and threw a temper tantrum about our working conditions, but it was through our continued dedication to the safety of the public, regardless of what was thrown at us, that people are starting to take note of us. 2010 was the year of the Correctional Professional. I have never been prouder to be part of a group of people than I am today. I realized this about 6 months ago when I overheard several officers talking. The officers were discussing a major federation conference that had just taken place.During this conference, the possibility of striking had come up. It was decided at this conference that the membership of this union could vote to strike if they felt it necessary. The officers were discussing the possibility of a strike. By the time the 5 minute conversation was over, all of the officers walked away agreeing that there was no way they would ever strike, even if it was legal to do so. The reasons ranged from not wanting to leave their b rothers and sisters behind, to feeling that they were officers first, union members second. Do you think this conversation would have been the same had it been on the floor of a factory?This sentiment quickly spread throughout the state, and it was made clear to this union that striking is not now, and never will be an option it would be better to resign.This came out of the mouths of officers who, like me, had suffered a 15% pay reduction, an increase in their medical payments, and an increase in retirement contributions. Many officers have lost their homes, or have had members in their family, or themselves, take on another job. Through it all they are still dedicated.This is why this has been the year of the Correctional Officer. Although this has been a tough year, and things are not looking any better for next year, people on the outside are getting to rule us for who we really are.How many times have we said If people only knew what we went through. The people are listening, so speak wisely and keep your sharpen up. Dont ever forget why you wear that uniform, and continue to be the proud, dedicated officers we know you can be.So I raise my glass as we pass through the last part of this year, to all of those we lost this year. To all of our brothers and sisters who have made the ultimate sacrifice You are not forgotten. To all of us who continue to protect, I say Bravo The people are finally starting to listen. Make sure you are saying the right things.Be safe out there folks, and party sanely.

Carrying out a stroop effect experiment

Carrying out a stroop effect experimentIt has been proposed that it is difficult to control automatic processes as they were unconsciously carried out. This meant that they could intrude on some other tasks. The Stroop Effect looked at how automatic bear upon would interfere with twine identification. It was discoered that identifying sign colour was made more difficult when looking at a describeen of colour related wrangling than when looking at colour neutral words and soThis experiment attempted to study automatic affect by using a variation of the Stroop Effect test. 22 Participants were given two lists of 30 words. On each list, six words were repeated fivesome dates in varying colours. The assure 1 (appendix 2) list contained incongruent words, whilst the Condition 2 list (appendix 3) contained congruent words. Half of Participants were tested on Condition 1 first, followed by Condition 2. The other one-half began the test with Condition 2, followed by Condition 1. T he condemnation each Participant took to name the colour ink the words were printed in was recorded and measured (See appendix 1 for results). (158-100)IntroductionA great deal of the way that people perceive things submits automatic processing. This occurs impertinent of the conscious mind and so requires no effort. It has been found, however, that some level of hinderance between the automatic and controlled processes can happen. Information from the senses and from that already stored in memory has to be processed from a cognitive system that has a limited capacity. Reading is an automatic process and recognising a colour is a controlled process. Putting both together should cause interference in the ability to both read and recognise the colour of the ink the words are printed in. The general idea of automatic processing interfering with other tasks has been researched by many psychologists.Shneider Shiffrin (1977) bound up an experiment in which musicians had to memoriz e a set of numbers or letters and and so find those numbers or letters in a much larger set. It was found that it was much easier to recognise a number in a set of letters (Or the reverse), than it was to recognise a number in a set of numbers or a letter in a set of letters.**********************************The rationale for this experiment was to test another variation on the stroop effect. The experimental hypothesis was that the time purportn to name the ink colour on the characterize 1 list of incongruent words would be longer than that of the time taken to name the colour ink on the physique 2 list of congruent words. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in time taken for the two conditions. (-500)Method (657)DesignThe experiment assiduous a within-subjects design. This design was chosen because the same participants were used in both conditions. The independent variable was the colour ink the words were printed in. Two lists of 30 words were provided (Appendix 2 3). The 30 words on each list consisted of 6 words repeated 5 times in varying colours. Each participant was asked to name the colour ink each word was printed in, in as fast a time as come-at-able. On the condition 1 list of incongruent words, the words listed all had a relation to a colour. For example, the word sky has a relation to the colour blue. The words were printed in a colour removed from that with which they were normally associated. The condition 2 list contained congruent words and the words had no particular relation to a colour. The dependent variable was the aloofness of time taken to name the colour ink each word was printed in. A measure was taken of the time participants took to name the colour ink of all the words printed on the list. Times were taken for condition 1 and for condition 2. The time was taken in seconds using a stopwatch and the length of time it took each participant to complete the entire list to the nearest second was noted.In order to reduce the possibility of any confounding variables, half of the participants began with condition 1 and half with condition 2. Individual times were then noted on the response airplane to later be compared with results from the other condition.MaterialsThe materials that were used in this experiment were made up of 2 cards containing lists of 30 words. The 30 words were made up of 6 words repeated 5 times in varying colours. (Appendix 2 3) A stopwatch, consent forms and a response sheet were also used.ProcedureParticipants were fully assured about what the study would involve and were given the opportunity to withdraw if they wished. They were told that the study would involve a variation of the Stroop Effect and that they would be required to name the colour ink the words were printed in, in as quick a time as possible. They were made aware that the study was looking at the effects of interference between automatic and controlled processing. The possible effects of dri ving whilst using a mobile phone was used as an example in helping them understand the underlying reasons behind the study. They were informed that all resulting data would be anonymous and that no names would be given on the response sheet or to anybody else. All participants agreed to take part in the study and signed a consent form.Participants were placed in a well lit, quiet room and shown a set of instruction manual that told them****************** When they were ready to commence the test the participants turned over a sheet of card containing either Condition 1 or Condition 2 words. The sheet of card had been placed on a table, upside down in front of them. They began reading the list of words given and were timed to measure their soul performances. When the first test was complete, the participants were given a two minute break before the second test commenced. Half of the participants began with the Condition 1 list and half began with the Condition 2 list.Include how re sponses were recorded and mention the debriefing of participants.Redo data as have not put in time map difference between starting condition 1 first or condition 2 first.ResultsAs this was a within-subject design, a paired-samples t-test was used to analyse the data. The compendium showed a t value of 3.78 (To 2 sig figures). This positive result showed*****************************Mean SD= 4.945T=3.774 df=21 p=.001D= 0.65 (To 2 sig figures) This shows that the independent variable had a medium to high effect on the dependent variable.The data showed that the mean for condition 1 was higher than the mean for condition 2.The standard deviation of time that was taken to complete the two lists was compared and the difference calculated at 0.53. This showed*********************DiscussionThere was an increase in the time it took participants to read condition 1 over condition 2. This confirms previous research and is supportive of the experimental hypothesis. It was observed that partic ipants appeared to show a much greater degree of concentration when completing condition 1 than in condition 2. Whilst when completing the condition 2 part of the study it appeared, even without considering the time taken, that participants found it much easier and it did indeed appear to be a much more automatic process than condition 1. Some errors were made, although very few. Those that were made, but not noticed by the participant showed that in the real world, the interference between automatic and controlled processing could have quite detrimental affects. An example of this would be in the case of*****************Reading appeared to be such a deep rooted, automatic process that even when attempting to relay the ink colour the word was printed in, participants appeared to have to make an extra effort to stop themselves from reading the words themselves.

Leadership Strategies in Remember the Titans

Leadership Strategies in have in mind the TitansAOTEAROA TERTIARY INSTITUTENZIM DIPLOMA IN MANAGAMENT LEVEL 5LEADERSHIP 630ASSESSED TUTORIAL fill STUDYREMEMBER THE TITANSName Prithi ChandStudent ID 27648Tutor Mr Rasheed HusseinLEADERSHIP STYLESRemember the Titans guide different leadership styles. Both the leaders in the mental picture try to motivate the actors in their own ways. A faithful leader motivates others to develop qualities and train them to do better. This movie shows how developes and team up pseuds showed their leadership qualities, strengths as a leader. The contribution of each player helped to obtain in their victory. The players forget their racism differences and played as a team. During the football match on the field, no scorchs and whites were place and they played all as one.My First leader is Her while Boone. He had a dictative leadership style. Boone believed that finished cooperation of the entire team will lead to a produce. He in any case believed that each player has to understand each other culture. He had a actually clear vision as how to come through with the team and how to have a strong team to work hard with full determination and courage. He also had transactional lead where he punishes the players if they were doing something wrong directly or indirectly which helped him to control the team with his provides. He knew very well that players had love for the football game and he had faith in his players thats they will emphatically going to come through the game if every player corporate. He had a good leadership quality as he approached Yoast to be his assistance school.He wanted to have a strong team and win. His team to be successful he had to en certain that all the team members work together and prize each other. It was important for the team to work hard and be committed at all the times. Through his power he was able to have a transactional lead and whenever the players were wrong he punishes th em and he had the control over them to improve and bring a standard in the team. He knew very well that the players had loved for the football game and he preempt make the team to work together and used their love as a motivator to make sure they cooperate and they dont fight with each other as far as racist is concerned.My Second leader in Remember the Titans is check Bill Yoast. instruct Yoast used democratic leadership styles. Coach Yoast, meet students personally. He discuss the divulges and personally try to solve the problem rather than in front of other team members.In Remember the Titans Coach Yoast display his qualities in such a way that he handled each difficult spokespersonicular with ease. He used to keep his players cool so that he depose have control over them and he can help them individually if desire arises. He was a calm Coach. He was not that strict and straight forward as Coach Boone as a leader.Effectiveness as a leaderTeam members respected him a lot s ince he was able to bring all players together with different race through pairing black and white players together. He had confident and courage through which he was able to make his team win. Coach Boone was a effective leader he was beneficial like a leader who is born with so more than powerful in his words.He was a effective leader with confident and courage through which his team won. He was independently and stubbornly as often see in the movie which wins the victory. He was very much concerned with the players and how they feel. He had strengthen, confidence, passion and unity of player.Type of powerCoach Boone held expert power which is power that results from leaders special knowledge or skill regarding tasks performed by followers(Daft,2008). He was a true expert of football with superior knowledge of coaching the team. He had full control over his team. He also held referent power since he had ability to convey a sense of personal acceptance. Coach Boone higher(preno minal)ly influences his team member through his strength.How he used his powerHe used his power in a good way but sometimes he was so hard on players during readiness period. But through his tough training and strict on players he was able to make his team win. He used his power as Head coach to achieve his goals and to promote interracial interaction in hope of improving the team. Since he was black with power some white players didnt want to accept his trust but through his power he forces the players to tolerate with each other until racial conflict is solved. By the end of training camp players started respecting his leadership more and dont look at his power as unlawful and hurtful. He achieved his objectives through strong sense of skill proficiency accountability and trueness of team.Type of PowerCoach Yoast also held expert power he was a true expert and real man of football. He was coach for umpteen years but due to his name nominated for hall of fame he become assista nt coach. He also had referent power that is leaders spirit characteristics that command followers identification and respect to emulate the leaders. Players were admire his power and strengthen.How he used his powerHe used his power in good way towards his team and player. During one of the game when he saw that referee was biased towards the team he talk with referee and was quite angry on it. Due to this action he lost his hall of fame nominee and he didnt care of it because according to him he thinks that team and win of the game is more important. In the beginning of the movie he said that he is taking break for one year from football and all his players said there are also leaving the game and there will be boycott. After thinking about the student he step back to take assistant coach position.SITUATION FROM THE MOVIEA situation in a movie was during the game a player was injured with a broken wrist and was replaced by Ronnie. This short conversation in the midst of Coach Bo one and Ronnie in which Boones articulates to Ronnie that he is the colonel and he has to command his troops. Coach Boone dialogue speech was supportive however he believes in the team because of level of competence, confidence and commitment in them. One player from the team stands ups and gives a small talk to the entire team, demanding and expecting more than Coach Boone. This eyeshot tells us straight that the team doesnt need much more support or leader. Coach Boone realises this and gives responsibility to the players. Another situation where Coach Yoast tries to clothe Ronnie in the game but Ronnie declines that he cant play that position and he suggested Petey to play instead of him as Ronnie thinks Petey is a better player than him. Coach Yoast allows Ronnie to make the choice to play or not to play.LEADERSHIP THEORIESThis movie Remember the Titans has his own theory which is called the huge man theory. The Great man theory it shows at camp, Coach Boone exercises his pl ayers over and over again. These pep- talks motivated the players do better and to learn from their mistakes. Coach Boone was directive and his stabilizing behaviour was a key to success. One incident was when early in the morning Coach Boone tells both teams to run on the fields of Gettysburg. That shows that he has got the great man theory as he also went for the run with everyone in the team .Coach Boone had this theory to success in his games.Another leadership theory showed was the quality theory. Coach Yoast believes in trait leadership of styles. As from his point of view to be strict and more disciplined to the players the team cant win the game. At the beginning he was racist and he didnt like black populate and he didnt accept the offer at premier from the Coach Boone and later he accepted the offer because his players didnt wanted to report to Coach Boone directly. So he became the Assistant coach.Individual culture and its effect.Remember the titans is a story of two schools one white and one black are forced to integrate in Virginia(wikimedia,2014). Coach Boone is a black and he gets head position and Coach Yoast who is white becomes his assistant. Coach Boone was a black and he grow up in black community where pot say them as a low class whereas Coach Yoast was a white and he grown up in different community. The team put forth their racial differences and play as one team. This movie was a true story based on reality. When Coach Boone takes over from Coach Yoast things were getting very tenses therefore he went personally to him to discuss the situation of new coaching status but due to his arrogant and overbearing it cause rift between the coaching staff and took time to gain respect for one another. Also the team captains Gerry Bertier and Julius Campbell who were not getting together due to race decided to flog stigma between them and set example for the team. Through practice both race come together and also celebrate the victory and r ealize that races should not be any issues. This gives a good example of how one can overcome the racial issue. It also shows how people can overcome racial issue when there is strong leadership, determination, acceptance and will to succeed (Wikimedia, 2014).TYPE OF ORGANISATION AND THEIR LEVEL OF SENIORITYThis leadership situation in the movie is a part of T.C.Williams High School Northern Virginia City of Alexandria in 1971. This movie is all about black and white that period of time in 1971. The level of length of service he had his own personal pride in himself. He always wanted the team to succeed and perform above standards as he had high expectations from the players. He also taught by quitting, it wont solve any problems for anyone. Coach Boone also pass a message to us that if life doesnt treat us fairly, you must try your level best until you reach your own goals and dont lose hope easily. This vision, ideas and hopes made the Titans win to a success.INDIVIDUAL CULTURE A ND ITS EFFECTSI would just say, this movie shows us the leadership theory to a very clear point of view and in a broad way. Coach Boone was not born as a leader but he became a good leader and he was still successful in his displays to be a leader.His quality as a head coach, and he proved the whites as well that black people can also be a head coach and can lead the team to a victory where as white people believed that they can just now do the coaching for the football team. Previously racism was a major impacts on the people especially color of body black and white. White people were always given first preferences before black people. Black people were always looked down upon. In this movie at the end the black player becomes the captain when the white player captain got paralyzed. The black coach took over the white coach. So these things proved in the movie that black people can also lead to a victory or win and can have unity and friendly atmosphere between two colors of peop le and to stop racisms.Other leadership concepts and ideologies that was identify in the movie ?Other leadership concepts and ideologies that was identify in this movie remember the titans was responsibility and integrity. Both the coaches and players knew their responsibility towards their team. Their main aim was to win the tournament through fair game. Other responsibility was to stop discrimination towards black and white and bring harmony in the team. Coach Boone was integrity and he had solid principle to stop discrimination.Shared goal is by making others realise what you can achieved having same vision. Coach Boone and Coach Yoast both had same goal but their used different leadership style. At the beginning of the movie Coach Boone was the only one with the goal to win and to integrate the team whereas all the team members had their own personal goal to get the position there wanted. But later through Coach Boone training and socialisation of team members with each other ma ke all players to share same goal of winning the tournament and accepting one another.Motivation is by encouraging people leader has the ability and power to inspire, motivate and energize. Coach Boone had ability to motivate and inspire the team also Coach Yoast motivate the team. The team was able to win the game through motivation from coaches and each other.Good communicator is the other concept it is how leader speaks in public and gain attention to his listener. Coach Boone was classified as a good communicate he communicates so well with his team. Lots of speech and group discussion took place which bring succeed to the team. Also Coach Yoast and captain Gerry had a good communication skills.ReferenceTangient LLC (2014) Chapter 3 Remember the Titans Situatational Leadership sham Retrieved from http//sportpsychgoes2movies.wikispaces.com/Chapter+3+-+Remember+the+Titans+-+Situational+Leadership+ModelDaft R L Pirola-Merlo (2008). The leadership experience Asia Pacific edition 1. Melbourne Cengage Learning.Tumblr (n.d) Cultural Studies in Remember the Titans http//caseyccarroll.tumblr.com/post/21612754841/cultural-studies-in-remember-the-titansWikimedia (2014) Remember the Titans http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remember_the_Titans

Opening A Cafe In Moscow Russia Marketing Essay

Opening A Cafe In capital of the Russian Federation Russia grocery storeing EssayWe atomic function 18 a newly established company in food and drink industry. We plan to image out up our stolon caf shop in a channel argona in Moscow, Russia. We want to differentiate ourselves from our competitors by providing full(prenominal) harvesting quality and high service quality. Our caf shop is not only a displace for tribe to enjoy life but also a suitable place to work.Russia is a very different in culture (Euro-Asia) comparing to former(a) western countries. It changes so quickly that we consider to work deeply on our marting plan to adapt to this fast changing market.2. Market Analysis2.1. The Market of RussiaRussia is the worlds largest country in terms of bea, str etc.ing from the Baltic to the Pacific across 10 time zones, with an estimated population of 144 million.Russia is one of the fastest erecting uphill markets at present with a GDP moment of 7 percent in 2008. Revenue from crude oil and natural gas exports and strong national demand are contributing to a booming economy, making it the bright spot in an otherwise challenging region.Russia ranked third, in A.T. Kearneys Global sell Development Index 2008, which qualifies it as one of the most attractive retail markets for international investors. Robust income growth, a passinguction in unemployment, consistent government indemnity and a rapidly increasing middle class offer optimistic expectations for the future developing of retailing in Russia.2.2.The Market of Moscowwhere we want to tick off up our first cafMoscow is the capital and the largest city of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest city in Europe, with the Moscow metropolitan ranking among the largest urban areas in the world. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world.2.2.1. PopulationAccording to the 2002 Census the popula tion of the Moscow was 10,382,754, however, this figure only take holds into account legal residents. Substantial add up of internal migrants mean that Moscows population is still increasing.2.2.2. EconomyMoscow is a major economic centre and is home to the largest number of billionaires in the world, which is the reason why we choose Moscow to start our Caf chain course in advance expand to other cities of Russia.Since a signifi put upt portion of Russias profits and development is concent pass judgmentd in Moscow as many multi-national corporations have branches and offices in the city, we may start out whether to target this segment of white-collar working class by providing a fussy quieter area in our drinking drinking chocolate shop especially for them, with Wi-Fi free of charge, making them feel that our coffee shop is a suitable place to work part enjoying their coffee break.2.2.3. CrimeHowever, firearm the overall stability has betterd in the recent years, crime c ontinues to remain a problem hindering business development. Pick-pocketing is back up in Moscow, as well as burglary from vehicles. Organized crime in Moscow and Russia in general, has often been involved with drug trafficking, cyber crime, prostitution, and financial crimes.Thus, we have to consider the security level when we are selecting the location of our coffee shop(s), not only for the safety of our shop itself, but for the safety of our employees and our guests.2.2.4. TransportationAirThere are five primary commercial airports serving Moscow Sheremetyevo International Airport, Domodedovo International Airport, Bykovo Airport, Ostafievo International Airport and Vnukovo International Airport.We may consider whether we open a coffee shop inside the Sheremetyevo International Airport or/and the Domodedovo International Airport, as Sheremetyevo International Airport is the most common entry point for foreign passengers, use 60% of all international flights, while Domodedovo International Airport is the leaveing airport in Russia in terms of passenger throughput, and is the primary gateway to long-haul domestic help and CIS destinations and its international traffic rivals Sheremetyevos.MetroLocal transport includes the Moscow Metro, a metro system famous for its art, murals, mosaics, and ornate chandeliers. Today, the Moscow Metro contains twelve lines, broadly speaking underground with a total of 177 stations. The Moscow Metro is one of worlds busiest metro systems, serving more than nine million passengers daily.Again, when selecting the location of our coffee shop, we have to take into account the transportation factor. We must choose a place where it is not only easy to recognize but also convenient to arrive at.2.2.5. profit UserInternet penetration is lower than in Western countries, although it is developing at a fast pace in Russia, and is currently at 30.2%. The number of internet users has risen from just 220,000 in 1995 to 42,936,000 user s in 2007. Service providers are expanding beyond their traditional markets in Moscow and St. Petersburg into Russias regions. Although still low at close to 38%, PC penetration improved rapidly from less than 1% in 1990. Continued growth in the home ownership of PCs will vertebral column further development in the number of internet users as PC ownership and internet development are closely linked.Possession of PC and growth of internet users 2002-2007Source Euromonitor International from national statistics/ITU3. Industrial Analysis3.1. Foodservice Industry in RussiaCafs and restaurants account for 37.3% of the industrys cling to in 2007.3.1.1. Market Value bespeakThe compound annual growth rate of the industry in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 5.1%.3.1.2. Market Volume ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the industry volume in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 0.3%.From the above data, we can see that the market volume for the next 5 years is expected to grow s afternoon teadily but low in growth rate, In 2012, the Russian foodservice industry is forecast to have a volume of 5,112.1 million transactions, an increase of 1.7% since 2007, while the market value during this period will enjoy a healthy growth. In 2012, it is forecast to have a value of $6.5 billion (165.6RUR billion), an increase of 28.3% since 2007. That is to say, the market will be in a trend with low volume of transactions but can generate high value. This information will lead us to differentiate our caf shop from other common coffee shops by providing high quality of products and service with comparatively higher prices.3.2. Hot Drinks Industry in RussiaCoffee sales proved the most lucrative for the Russian red-hot drinks market in 2007, generating total revenues of $2.5 billion, equivalent to 64.1% of the markets overall value. In comparison, sales of tea generated revenues of $1.3 billion in 2007, equating to 33.5% of the markets aggregate revenues.3.2.1. Mark et Value ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 2.2%.3.2.2. Market Volume ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the market volume in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 0.9%.In 2012, the Russian hot drinks market is forecast to have a value of $4.3 billion, an increase of 11.3% since 2007, and a volume of 285.8 million kg, an increase of 4.7% since 2007.Again, the above data justifies our decision of entering Russia market, as coffee still remains the most popular and important hot drinks among Russians.Buyer PowerSelf-realized muscovite battalion with high consumption potential automatic group of people buying compulsivelyNeeds and wants change very quickly3.3.Porter five forcesIndirect CompetitorsRetail stores and mallsNew PlayersNew large groups same(p) Starbuck chain look at enter the marketLong time to enter the market because of barrier of laws and governmentNumber of new players already in the marketFoodserv ice Industry RussiaNumber of new companies, choice offered to the customer soaringer growth in value than in volumeDifferentiation in product quality and visibilityBrand building is chance on for this market very competitive marketServices alliances (suppliers)Necessity to make alliances with suppliers to surviveImportance of having unassailable quality food at low priceSourceDataMonitor Published September 2008)3.4. SWOT analysisSTRENGTHSWEAKNESSESStrong market growthPurchasing high quality raw materials give us a competitive advantageBeing able to adapt our product and business model to the market need and wants customer changesStrong market study to verify our assumptions on the field and later on adaptation through regular surveysStrong operation attend toAlliances with suppliersStaying aware of the different cultures that exist in MoscowStrong values in accordance with customers own values (e.g. on quality respect)Time to carry out the structure due to our lack of market k nowledgeSeasoned industry (week-end and days off for holidays because of business area)High cost for commodities (high level of equipment required)Build a partnership with business partners can be long and not solid enoughLack of stability of human resourcesOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSTaking into account the market changesHigh capacity for adaptationHaving a leading strategy In Moscow will put us one step ahead from competitors, is a key factor to create a new trendCreate a team spirit in the company that keep Faithful the human resources organization regulationCompetitors the desires of Starbuck Coffee with a financial advantageMarket demand difficult to evaluate4. StrategiesOur strategy is a market penetration strategy, centre r apieceing a new customer market niche.Current productsNew productsCurrentMarketsMarket penetrationStrategyProduct-developmentStrategyNewMarketsMarket developmentStrategyDiversificationStrategySource Strategies for diversification by Igor AnsoffOur approach is to enhance relationships with our customers, the self-realized people that it corresponds to old people with a high consumption potential.4.1. Objectives (a 5-year Plan) investment 100,000 euros for the first caf shopTimetableTimeactionsresultsT0 +6 months market studyT0 + 12 monthsPreparation for the establishment of our first caf in MoscowGet everything done before operation (place, suppliers, HR, etc)T0+30 months (to be consolidated) (Breakeven point) (estimated after 18 months of operation)operation of our first Caf shop and consolidationAt least to reach breakevenT0+36 monthsFind investors and set to open the second caf shopOpen the second caf in the same cityT0+ 60 monthsFind investors and prepare to open more caf shop cast off more caf shops in other cities in RussiaQuantifiableAverage number of customer per dayNumber of days of operation per year (5 days / week) replete(p) sales per yearEstimated profit after 2 years of operation (5%)300 400250 days500,000 euros25000 euros per yearAchievableWe think that our objectives are accomplishable and this lowest estimate will be consolidated.4.2. segmentation/TargetingTo be useful, market segments must rate favorably on five keys criteriaIt has to be measurable, substantial, accessible, differentiable and actionable. (Source Kotler Keller Marketing management second edition)The segment, we have chosen for this marketing plan complies with those criteria.Our target is the Self realized groups of CustomersWhat are their characteristics?Self-realized group is middle-aged people with a higher proportion of women. They have a high consumption potential. Their values go to life quality and healthcare.On the opposite of innovators group or spontaneous ones, they dont like advertisement. They want to make their own choice based on the facts they have access.What are our assumptions regarding to the benefits this type of customers want to find when entering in our Caf?The list of characteristics we need to measure th anks to a marketing survey before applying to our Caf are the followings.Quality 1stQuick to getComfortable when having more timeSegmentationCustomer typeBenefitsInnovatorsSpontaneousAmbitiousSelf-realizedSettledTraditionalistsThriftyHigh quality drinks/food3151526High quality service4262616Relaxing area2544245Nice working area (with wi-fi)6613465Nice place to meet people1326154Takeaway/Phone order delivery service5435334SegmentBACACDDTargetingWe want to target segment A which include Spontaneous and self-realized people. The second largest group, the Spontaneous, is dominated by men and singles, and they often buy goods impulsively. The Self-realised are middle-aged people, with a higher proportion of women, and a high consumption potential. This important group tends to be irritated by advertising, valuing quality and pays attention to healthcare.Explanation of the customer types in segmentationRegion-Media, specialists in Russian advertising, have conveniently identified seven t ypes of consumers in this market. The growing group of Innovators are mainly based in Moscow, prefer to spend their free time involved in sports activities and active leisure and eat out in restaurants featuring exotic cuisine. The second largest group, the Spontaneous, is dominated by men and singles, and they often buy goods impulsively. The cluster of the Ambitious is smaller, and relies on advertising when looking for a product. The Self-realized are middle-aged people, with a higher proportion of women, and a high consumption potential. This important group tends to be irritated by advertising, valuing quality and pays attention to healthcare. The largest group are the Settled (25% of consumers in Russia and 21% in Moscow), a rather traditional group with great brand affinity innovations barely interest them. The Traditionalists pack a low consumer potential, as half of them are retired and loyal to retail outlets that have survived since Soviet times. The last and smallest clu ster, Thrifty, mainly shops in discount shops.(Source www.euromonitor.com Top 10 consumer trends in Russia)4.3. PositioningTo convince customers of our targeted segment that coming in our caf will offer the benefits they need.To spontaneous and self-realized people in Moscow that our caf shop is a nice place for both working and relaxation, because it offers products and services in high quality, free wi-fi access, takeaway/ phone order delivery services,4.4. Designing the Offer ( Marketing Mix)4.4.1. ProductsWe offer high quality drinks and healthy food with first rate raw material.For us, products must be natural and wise.ExamplesCoffeeThe basic offer contains, cappuccino, latte and espressos made with grains from different countries as Brazil, Italia, Colombia or Kenya.ChocolateOur chromatic Chocolate is a creation with cold chocolate, whipped cream and a drizzle of hot caramel syrup.The Canadian chocolate is made with dark chocolate and cranberries. tea leafOur basic offer i s represented by international flavour as Green tea and white tea from japan and China and yellow tea, a very rare and delicate liquify from China. The last one is Ceylon tea, a benighted tea from Sri Lanka.We also offer flavoured teas as Jasmine tea from India, a faction of green tea and oxidized jasmine flowers. The Mint tea from Morocco is Gunpowder tea in which is added, during the infusion, fresh mint leaves and sugar. And finally, Earl Grey tea that is a tea blend with a distinctive flavour and aroma derived from the addition of oil extracted from the rind of the bergamot orange, a fragrant citrus fruit.Our Cafe MenuCOFFEECHOCOLATEEspressoThe essence of coffee extracted into a concentrated one ounce beverageEspresso MacchiatoA shot of espresso marked with a dollop of foamed milkTraditional CappuccinoEspresso combines with a velvety milk foam._ 1/3 espresso_ 1/3 steamed milk_ 1/3 frothed milkMochaEspresso with foamed milk with chocolate syrup or powder addedLatteEspresso co mbines with steamed milk, transcend with a small amount of milk foam._ 1/3 espresso_ 2/3 milkAmericanoEspresso diluted (after brewing) with an equal portion of hot waterLatte ArtLatte RosettaHot ChocolateMexican ChocolateCanadian chocolateCaramel ChocolateTEABushells, Earl Grey, English Breakfast, Irish Breakfast, Vanilla, pivotal Fire.Herbal Teas Red Zinger, Chamomile, Lemon, PeppermintCeylon tea a black tea from Sri LankaGreen tea yellow tea from ChinaWhite tea from JapanJasmine tea from IndiaMint tea from MoroccoSOUPTomato Dill dopeCreamy tomato soup with chunks of sweet tomato. stand out with sour cream.Chicken Tortilla SoupSteamy cowardly broth loaded with smoked chicken, jack and cheddar cheese cheeses, tortilla strips and scallions.Potato Cheese SoupRich and creamy potato soup topped with jack and cheddar cheeses, bacon and scallions.Hot borchtch ()Traditional Russians soups made with beetroot, beans, cabbage, carrots and beef with thick dark bread.Butternut Squash a nd Sage SoupOlive oil, onion, squashes, fresh sage, chicken broth , salt and freshly ground black pepperShrimp and Basil BisqueUnsalted butter, onion , carrots , celery , bay leaf, long-grain rice, chopped tomatoes, basil leaves, reasoned cream, salt and freshly ground black pepperWhite Bean and Rosemary Soup with Roasted Garlic CroutonsUnsalted butter, olive oil, onion, carrots, celery, vegetable broth, fresh rosemaryCreamy Potato Soup with Sour Cream, Bacon and ChivesBacon, onion, garlic, potatoes, chicken broth, salt and freshly ground black pepper , sour cream, Cheddar cheese ,chivesWintertime Tomato Soup with Grilled Cheese CroutonsOlive oil, celery, carrot, tomatoes, crushed tomatoes, tomato paste, vegetable broth, bay leaf, cream salt and freshly ground black pepperStracciatella (Italian Egg Drop Soup)Chicken broth, eggs, grated Parmesan cheese, plus more for garnish, semolina flour, spinach, parsley, nutmeg, salt and freshly ground black pepperMushroom Solyanka cabbage with vinegar, tomatoes, and cucumber pickles, with puny brine, mushrooms, onions, lemon skin.SALADHouse SaladMixed field greens with hearts of palm, red cabbage carrots. Served with your choice of a Candle dressing.Classic CaesarRomaine lettuce with herbed croutons in a creamy caesar dressing and sprinkled with toasted dulse.Chicken SaladMixed leaves, chicken pieces, cucumber, tomato, corn, boiled egg and dijon mustard dressingSoba Noodle SaladSoba Noodles, ginger grilled tofu, shiitake mushrooms, edamame, julienne vegetable carrots, radish andsesame seeds over mesclun with a creamy wasabi dressing.Roasted Pear SaladArugula, roasted pears, shaved fennel, cashew-tofu cheese and toasted walnuts. Served with a cranberry vinaigrette dressing.Aztec SaladBi-color quinoa, black beans, red onions jicama topped with spiced pumpkin seeds and barbequed grilled tempeh. served over interracial field greens with a toasted cumin vinaigrette.Buffalo Chicken SaladFried chicken tossed with spirited Buffalo sauce and served over a bed of obscure greens with Bleu Cheese crumbles, mushrooms, tomatoes and eggs. Best with Bleu Cheese dressing.California Bleu Salad cherubic mixed greens topped with Bleu Cheese crumbles, gamey sugared walnuts and fresh strawberries. Served with Bleu Cheese toast. Best with Sweet Balsamic Vinaigrette dressing.Hawaiian Chicken Shrimp SaladA skewer of spicy grilled shrimp and tender diced chicken tossed in a sesame marinade. Served atop fresh mixed greens with tomatoes, sweet pineapple chunks, walnuts and toasted coconut. Best with Asian Sesame dressing.Monterey Chicken SaladHerb seasoned or Cajun-style chicken atop fresh mixed greens with bacon and egg, tomatoes, jack and cheddar cheeses. Best with Honey Mustard dressing.Spinach Goat Cheese SaladLeaf spinach, red onions, mushrooms, bacon and egg with goat cheese, topped with spicy sugared walnuts. Best with our Hot Bacon Vinaigrette.Asian Sesame SaladDiced fried chicken tossed in our sesame marina de over mixed greens, red onions, tomatoes and mandarin oranges. Topped with Asian noodles. Best with Asian Sesame dressing.Smoked Chicken Cobb SaladSmoked chicken atop mixed greens with tomatoes, black olives, red onions, jack and cheddar cheeses and crumbled bacon. Best with Ranch dressing.Provence SaladChicken, ham, corn, peppers, cheese, cucumber, tomato, egg, mixed salad with a whole grain mustard and herbs de Provence dressingNordic SaladSmoked salmon from Norway, egg, salad, sorrel, chives and raspberry vinegar crenature Caviar SaladFresh scallops, sevrugas caviar, endive, cider vinegar and saffronSMOOTHIES and HEALTH DRINKSOrange, Banana or Berry SmoothieMilkshakesBanana, Strawberry, Mango and Kiwi with pieces of white and dark chocolate on the top.Vitamin PowerStrawberries, kiwifruit, yoghurt, soy milk, wheat germ and honey (high in vitamins)Pick Me UpBanana, pineapple juice, coconut milk, yoghurt, honey, wheat germ and ice (energy booster)San Pellegrino calm down or spark ling waterFreshly Squeezed OrangeApple or Cranberry juiceGlass of MilkDESSERTSCarrot streakDecadent Chocolate CakeDaily Cheese cakeSweet Potato PieSeasonal Fruit Crumb PieChocolate Mousse Pie( For the detailed price, we have to consolidate it during the first 6 months of detailed marketing study)4.4.2. ServicesOur employees are well trained waiters and waitresses. They will always welcome customers with warm smile and serve you in a very polite manner.We also offer takeaway or phone order services for people in a hurry. We just want to provide as much convenience as possible to meet our customers needs.4.4.3. PriceAccording to our marketing research, the average cost for drinks is around 100RUB (3euros), desserts for 100RUB (3euros), a good meal be about 400RUB (12euros) for one person, etc. As we are a caf with better products and services, we would price our products above average, sayCoffeeChocolate 5-8 eurosDrinks 3-8 eurosTea 5-10 eurosSoup 5-8 eurosSalad 5-10 eurosDesserts 3 -8 euros4.4.4. Place (distribution)We plan to find a place near the business area because our main target is business people who care about quality of the products and services.In our future planning, we would like to develop our caf business in Russia through franchising after we have established the model of our caf brand, of course, this idea should be based on the good operation result of our first caf shop.4.4.5. PromotionsAs we are a totally new coffee shop shop in Moscow, it is very necessary to use effective ways to make us known to Moscow people. We plan to use the following methods to promote ourselvesAdvertisingAdvertise our cafe shop on magazines such as business magazines, food magazines, etc. and newspapersAdvertise our cafe through radio, so that Moscow people can get the information during breakfast time, driving a car, etc. We do not plan to do advertisement, for it is too expensive for us, however, radio ads is a comparatively cheaper way.Showing billboard-type ad s in business areasUsing transit ads on buses, subways and commuter trainsInternet MarketingWe decide to build up our own website in order to provide as much information as we can to attract more customers.Sales PromotionEstablish customer management system. Offer a fidelity card for customers when reaches a certain amount of consumption. And each time they consume in our coffee shop, they earn points into his card. The earned points can be used as cash to pay for the products they buy in our cafe shop.Offer coupons occasionallyOffer free goods according to different national holidays (eg. Valentines Day Christmas, etc.5. Action PlanResearch has shown thatRelationship Marketing is the current process of identifying and creating value with individual customers and then sharing the benefits from this over a lifetime association. It involves Understanding, focusing and management of ongoing collaborationBetween suppliers and selected customersFor mutual value creation and sharingThrou gh interdependence and organizational alignment.(From Gordon, Relationship Marketing, pg9.)To implement our strategy with this approach we need to focus on customer benefits on a long time scale basis.The action plan has been established using this approach.WhatObjectivesBenefitWhenWho/LeadTeam organizationOrganize the whole team. What are the objectives, the milestones, people in chargeProject Manager (PM)Align the project strategy with the business customer expectationsBe align on a same set of objectivesGoing the same way.PMProject LaunchStart the new project and let it knowProject team/PMDescribing the process and the people involvedBe aware of the advantages each one has to forecast and organize in advance. Understand the constraints and possibilities offered by the process.By knowing who is doing what and for which purpose, people can improve the whole processTaking into account the customer surveyDesigning the offer, adapt the menuAdapt to the consumer requirementsDesigning t he offer

In Defense of Canadas Rejection of the Death Penalty Essay -- Canada

A man, allegedly accused of first degree murder, has been put on a political campaign to see what his sentence will be. People argon outraged and protesting for him to be put on death row. Family and friends of the victim are traumatized, seeking vengeance for the 1 that they have lost, hoping that Canada can bend the rules just once to get the justice they think they deserve. On the other hand, the prisoner sits in the court room hold for the verdict that will ultimately change his life forever. He only has two options if base guilty he will receive life imprisonment, if found innocent he will be let off scotch free. Or theres always the third choice, the death penalisation. How far does the date have to go to stop him from killing? This could mean bringing back capital punishment to Canada. Theres the theory of an eye for an eye, or besides the chance of a wrongful conviction. As with any debate there are pros and cons all weighing up to the final question, should Canada us e the death penalisation, or continue to use life imprisonment? Although in the United States, most placed do not use the death penalty there are some that still do under certain circumstances. Canada is a Country that has not one province or territory that used the death penalty but Canada hasnt always used life imprisonment. Between 1892 and 1961, the death penalty was used in Canada and the result was death by hanging. It wasnt until 1914 that the death penalty was up for debate and the first bill to abolish it completely was made. In 1954, rape did not qualify as a death penalty punishment anymore. The Parliament dived murder into capital and non-capital categories in 1964. It took a long time, but the first time that the bill to abolish the death penalty was debat... ...serli, Joe. . (2010, celestial latitude 10). In a nutshell. Retrieved from http//www.balancedpolitics.org/death_penalty.htm Munroe,. (2010, October 31). Canada online . Retrieved from http//canadaonline.abou t.com/od/crime/a/abolitioncappun.htm Phil B., . (2010). Phil for humanity . Retrieved from http//www.philforhumanity.com/Capital_Punishment.html Robinson, Bruce.A. (2007, August 07). Religious tolerance. Retrieved from http//www.religioustolerance.org/executb.htm Skerrit,. (2009, February 03). Dominica news. Retrieved from http//www.dominica-weekly.com/news/prime-minister-roosevelt-skerrit-supports-the-death-penalty/ Tackaberry,. (2000, April). Amnesty international. Retrieved from http//www.amnesty.ca/deathpenalty/canada.php Tempest, Rone. (2008, June 30). Death penalty focis. Retrieved from http//www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=42

Essay --

This paper aims to answer 2 research questions. For the first question With the measure of role plays, what refusal strategies would the abroad students adopt more frequently in distinguishable interlocutory status? From the data analysis, we can see that the oversea student in the study adopted many contrasting refusal strategies in different interlocutor statuses. The 6 scenarios have similar imposition, which is to refusal an invitation to a party. The changing variables are the distance and power. In this complex contextual situation, the student was able to change her refusal strategies in different situations. She adopted more strategies when she refused a person of a higher social status or distant relations, in order to save the hearers face. On the other hand, when she refused a person of lower social status or close relations, she would change the refusal strategies and make the conversations more relaxing and casual. champion important reason might be that the oversea students are more aware of the social communication skills because they can learn more about the cultural struggle and communicative differences in the process of their oversea studies. They must communicate with many foreign teachers and students, and experience culture shock at the same time. As a result, they can be more familiar with the pragmatic features of different strategies.The second question is that Is there any difference in the refusal strategies between oversea students and other EFL learners in China? There are many researches related to the different refusal strategies between NS and NNS. The previous findings showed that many NNS preferred to use a range strategy and less differentiated supportive moves at the same time, 40% of NNS prov... ...in comparing with Chinese EFL learners refusal strategies, we borrowed findings from other researches because of time limitation, and this may cause the results being different from what it should be.Here are some suggest ions for the future study first, in order to make sure the data are effective, we should invite more oversea students with difference learning experience and language proficiency second, in a precise study, more social and contextual variables should be taken into consideration, in order to exam students different reaction and strategies finally, if we want to compare the oversea students with Chinese EFL students, we should invite both to participate in the research, rather than depending on other studies and research findings. In conclusion, in order to prove or modify the research findings, further researches are still needed in the future.