Opening A Cafe In Moscow Russia Marketing Essay

Opening A Cafe In capital of the Russian Federation Russia grocery storeing EssayWe atomic function 18 a newly established company in food and drink industry. We plan to image out up our stolon caf shop in a channel argona in Moscow, Russia. We want to differentiate ourselves from our competitors by providing full(prenominal) harvesting quality and high service quality. Our caf shop is not only a displace for tribe to enjoy life but also a suitable place to work.Russia is a very different in culture (Euro-Asia) comparing to former(a) western countries. It changes so quickly that we consider to work deeply on our marting plan to adapt to this fast changing market.2. Market Analysis2.1. The Market of RussiaRussia is the worlds largest country in terms of bea, str etc.ing from the Baltic to the Pacific across 10 time zones, with an estimated population of 144 million.Russia is one of the fastest erecting uphill markets at present with a GDP moment of 7 percent in 2008. Revenue from crude oil and natural gas exports and strong national demand are contributing to a booming economy, making it the bright spot in an otherwise challenging region.Russia ranked third, in A.T. Kearneys Global sell Development Index 2008, which qualifies it as one of the most attractive retail markets for international investors. Robust income growth, a passinguction in unemployment, consistent government indemnity and a rapidly increasing middle class offer optimistic expectations for the future developing of retailing in Russia.2.2.The Market of Moscowwhere we want to tick off up our first cafMoscow is the capital and the largest city of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest city in Europe, with the Moscow metropolitan ranking among the largest urban areas in the world. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world.2.2.1. PopulationAccording to the 2002 Census the popula tion of the Moscow was 10,382,754, however, this figure only take holds into account legal residents. Substantial add up of internal migrants mean that Moscows population is still increasing.2.2.2. EconomyMoscow is a major economic centre and is home to the largest number of billionaires in the world, which is the reason why we choose Moscow to start our Caf chain course in advance expand to other cities of Russia.Since a signifi put upt portion of Russias profits and development is concent pass judgmentd in Moscow as many multi-national corporations have branches and offices in the city, we may start out whether to target this segment of white-collar working class by providing a fussy quieter area in our drinking drinking chocolate shop especially for them, with Wi-Fi free of charge, making them feel that our coffee shop is a suitable place to work part enjoying their coffee break.2.2.3. CrimeHowever, firearm the overall stability has betterd in the recent years, crime c ontinues to remain a problem hindering business development. Pick-pocketing is back up in Moscow, as well as burglary from vehicles. Organized crime in Moscow and Russia in general, has often been involved with drug trafficking, cyber crime, prostitution, and financial crimes.Thus, we have to consider the security level when we are selecting the location of our coffee shop(s), not only for the safety of our shop itself, but for the safety of our employees and our guests.2.2.4. TransportationAirThere are five primary commercial airports serving Moscow Sheremetyevo International Airport, Domodedovo International Airport, Bykovo Airport, Ostafievo International Airport and Vnukovo International Airport.We may consider whether we open a coffee shop inside the Sheremetyevo International Airport or/and the Domodedovo International Airport, as Sheremetyevo International Airport is the most common entry point for foreign passengers, use 60% of all international flights, while Domodedovo International Airport is the leaveing airport in Russia in terms of passenger throughput, and is the primary gateway to long-haul domestic help and CIS destinations and its international traffic rivals Sheremetyevos.MetroLocal transport includes the Moscow Metro, a metro system famous for its art, murals, mosaics, and ornate chandeliers. Today, the Moscow Metro contains twelve lines, broadly speaking underground with a total of 177 stations. The Moscow Metro is one of worlds busiest metro systems, serving more than nine million passengers daily.Again, when selecting the location of our coffee shop, we have to take into account the transportation factor. We must choose a place where it is not only easy to recognize but also convenient to arrive at.2.2.5. profit UserInternet penetration is lower than in Western countries, although it is developing at a fast pace in Russia, and is currently at 30.2%. The number of internet users has risen from just 220,000 in 1995 to 42,936,000 user s in 2007. Service providers are expanding beyond their traditional markets in Moscow and St. Petersburg into Russias regions. Although still low at close to 38%, PC penetration improved rapidly from less than 1% in 1990. Continued growth in the home ownership of PCs will vertebral column further development in the number of internet users as PC ownership and internet development are closely linked.Possession of PC and growth of internet users 2002-2007Source Euromonitor International from national statistics/ITU3. Industrial Analysis3.1. Foodservice Industry in RussiaCafs and restaurants account for 37.3% of the industrys cling to in 2007.3.1.1. Market Value bespeakThe compound annual growth rate of the industry in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 5.1%.3.1.2. Market Volume ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the industry volume in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 0.3%.From the above data, we can see that the market volume for the next 5 years is expected to grow s afternoon teadily but low in growth rate, In 2012, the Russian foodservice industry is forecast to have a volume of 5,112.1 million transactions, an increase of 1.7% since 2007, while the market value during this period will enjoy a healthy growth. In 2012, it is forecast to have a value of $6.5 billion (165.6RUR billion), an increase of 28.3% since 2007. That is to say, the market will be in a trend with low volume of transactions but can generate high value. This information will lead us to differentiate our caf shop from other common coffee shops by providing high quality of products and service with comparatively higher prices.3.2. Hot Drinks Industry in RussiaCoffee sales proved the most lucrative for the Russian red-hot drinks market in 2007, generating total revenues of $2.5 billion, equivalent to 64.1% of the markets overall value. In comparison, sales of tea generated revenues of $1.3 billion in 2007, equating to 33.5% of the markets aggregate revenues.3.2.1. Mark et Value ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 2.2%.3.2.2. Market Volume ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the market volume in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 0.9%.In 2012, the Russian hot drinks market is forecast to have a value of $4.3 billion, an increase of 11.3% since 2007, and a volume of 285.8 million kg, an increase of 4.7% since 2007.Again, the above data justifies our decision of entering Russia market, as coffee still remains the most popular and important hot drinks among Russians.Buyer PowerSelf-realized muscovite battalion with high consumption potential automatic group of people buying compulsivelyNeeds and wants change very quickly3.3.Porter five forcesIndirect CompetitorsRetail stores and mallsNew PlayersNew large groups same(p) Starbuck chain look at enter the marketLong time to enter the market because of barrier of laws and governmentNumber of new players already in the marketFoodserv ice Industry RussiaNumber of new companies, choice offered to the customer soaringer growth in value than in volumeDifferentiation in product quality and visibilityBrand building is chance on for this market very competitive marketServices alliances (suppliers)Necessity to make alliances with suppliers to surviveImportance of having unassailable quality food at low priceSourceDataMonitor Published September 2008)3.4. SWOT analysisSTRENGTHSWEAKNESSESStrong market growthPurchasing high quality raw materials give us a competitive advantageBeing able to adapt our product and business model to the market need and wants customer changesStrong market study to verify our assumptions on the field and later on adaptation through regular surveysStrong operation attend toAlliances with suppliersStaying aware of the different cultures that exist in MoscowStrong values in accordance with customers own values (e.g. on quality respect)Time to carry out the structure due to our lack of market k nowledgeSeasoned industry (week-end and days off for holidays because of business area)High cost for commodities (high level of equipment required)Build a partnership with business partners can be long and not solid enoughLack of stability of human resourcesOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSTaking into account the market changesHigh capacity for adaptationHaving a leading strategy In Moscow will put us one step ahead from competitors, is a key factor to create a new trendCreate a team spirit in the company that keep Faithful the human resources organization regulationCompetitors the desires of Starbuck Coffee with a financial advantageMarket demand difficult to evaluate4. StrategiesOur strategy is a market penetration strategy, centre r apieceing a new customer market niche.Current productsNew productsCurrentMarketsMarket penetrationStrategyProduct-developmentStrategyNewMarketsMarket developmentStrategyDiversificationStrategySource Strategies for diversification by Igor AnsoffOur approach is to enhance relationships with our customers, the self-realized people that it corresponds to old people with a high consumption potential.4.1. Objectives (a 5-year Plan) investment 100,000 euros for the first caf shopTimetableTimeactionsresultsT0 +6 months market studyT0 + 12 monthsPreparation for the establishment of our first caf in MoscowGet everything done before operation (place, suppliers, HR, etc)T0+30 months (to be consolidated) (Breakeven point) (estimated after 18 months of operation)operation of our first Caf shop and consolidationAt least to reach breakevenT0+36 monthsFind investors and set to open the second caf shopOpen the second caf in the same cityT0+ 60 monthsFind investors and prepare to open more caf shop cast off more caf shops in other cities in RussiaQuantifiableAverage number of customer per dayNumber of days of operation per year (5 days / week) replete(p) sales per yearEstimated profit after 2 years of operation (5%)300 400250 days500,000 euros25000 euros per yearAchievableWe think that our objectives are accomplishable and this lowest estimate will be consolidated.4.2. segmentation/TargetingTo be useful, market segments must rate favorably on five keys criteriaIt has to be measurable, substantial, accessible, differentiable and actionable. (Source Kotler Keller Marketing management second edition)The segment, we have chosen for this marketing plan complies with those criteria.Our target is the Self realized groups of CustomersWhat are their characteristics?Self-realized group is middle-aged people with a higher proportion of women. They have a high consumption potential. Their values go to life quality and healthcare.On the opposite of innovators group or spontaneous ones, they dont like advertisement. They want to make their own choice based on the facts they have access.What are our assumptions regarding to the benefits this type of customers want to find when entering in our Caf?The list of characteristics we need to measure th anks to a marketing survey before applying to our Caf are the followings.Quality 1stQuick to getComfortable when having more timeSegmentationCustomer typeBenefitsInnovatorsSpontaneousAmbitiousSelf-realizedSettledTraditionalistsThriftyHigh quality drinks/food3151526High quality service4262616Relaxing area2544245Nice working area (with wi-fi)6613465Nice place to meet people1326154Takeaway/Phone order delivery service5435334SegmentBACACDDTargetingWe want to target segment A which include Spontaneous and self-realized people. The second largest group, the Spontaneous, is dominated by men and singles, and they often buy goods impulsively. The Self-realised are middle-aged people, with a higher proportion of women, and a high consumption potential. This important group tends to be irritated by advertising, valuing quality and pays attention to healthcare.Explanation of the customer types in segmentationRegion-Media, specialists in Russian advertising, have conveniently identified seven t ypes of consumers in this market. The growing group of Innovators are mainly based in Moscow, prefer to spend their free time involved in sports activities and active leisure and eat out in restaurants featuring exotic cuisine. The second largest group, the Spontaneous, is dominated by men and singles, and they often buy goods impulsively. The cluster of the Ambitious is smaller, and relies on advertising when looking for a product. The Self-realized are middle-aged people, with a higher proportion of women, and a high consumption potential. This important group tends to be irritated by advertising, valuing quality and pays attention to healthcare. The largest group are the Settled (25% of consumers in Russia and 21% in Moscow), a rather traditional group with great brand affinity innovations barely interest them. The Traditionalists pack a low consumer potential, as half of them are retired and loyal to retail outlets that have survived since Soviet times. The last and smallest clu ster, Thrifty, mainly shops in discount shops.(Source www.euromonitor.com Top 10 consumer trends in Russia)4.3. PositioningTo convince customers of our targeted segment that coming in our caf will offer the benefits they need.To spontaneous and self-realized people in Moscow that our caf shop is a nice place for both working and relaxation, because it offers products and services in high quality, free wi-fi access, takeaway/ phone order delivery services,4.4. Designing the Offer ( Marketing Mix)4.4.1. ProductsWe offer high quality drinks and healthy food with first rate raw material.For us, products must be natural and wise.ExamplesCoffeeThe basic offer contains, cappuccino, latte and espressos made with grains from different countries as Brazil, Italia, Colombia or Kenya.ChocolateOur chromatic Chocolate is a creation with cold chocolate, whipped cream and a drizzle of hot caramel syrup.The Canadian chocolate is made with dark chocolate and cranberries. tea leafOur basic offer i s represented by international flavour as Green tea and white tea from japan and China and yellow tea, a very rare and delicate liquify from China. The last one is Ceylon tea, a benighted tea from Sri Lanka.We also offer flavoured teas as Jasmine tea from India, a faction of green tea and oxidized jasmine flowers. The Mint tea from Morocco is Gunpowder tea in which is added, during the infusion, fresh mint leaves and sugar. And finally, Earl Grey tea that is a tea blend with a distinctive flavour and aroma derived from the addition of oil extracted from the rind of the bergamot orange, a fragrant citrus fruit.Our Cafe MenuCOFFEECHOCOLATEEspressoThe essence of coffee extracted into a concentrated one ounce beverageEspresso MacchiatoA shot of espresso marked with a dollop of foamed milkTraditional CappuccinoEspresso combines with a velvety milk foam._ 1/3 espresso_ 1/3 steamed milk_ 1/3 frothed milkMochaEspresso with foamed milk with chocolate syrup or powder addedLatteEspresso co mbines with steamed milk, transcend with a small amount of milk foam._ 1/3 espresso_ 2/3 milkAmericanoEspresso diluted (after brewing) with an equal portion of hot waterLatte ArtLatte RosettaHot ChocolateMexican ChocolateCanadian chocolateCaramel ChocolateTEABushells, Earl Grey, English Breakfast, Irish Breakfast, Vanilla, pivotal Fire.Herbal Teas Red Zinger, Chamomile, Lemon, PeppermintCeylon tea a black tea from Sri LankaGreen tea yellow tea from ChinaWhite tea from JapanJasmine tea from IndiaMint tea from MoroccoSOUPTomato Dill dopeCreamy tomato soup with chunks of sweet tomato. stand out with sour cream.Chicken Tortilla SoupSteamy cowardly broth loaded with smoked chicken, jack and cheddar cheese cheeses, tortilla strips and scallions.Potato Cheese SoupRich and creamy potato soup topped with jack and cheddar cheeses, bacon and scallions.Hot borchtch ()Traditional Russians soups made with beetroot, beans, cabbage, carrots and beef with thick dark bread.Butternut Squash a nd Sage SoupOlive oil, onion, squashes, fresh sage, chicken broth , salt and freshly ground black pepperShrimp and Basil BisqueUnsalted butter, onion , carrots , celery , bay leaf, long-grain rice, chopped tomatoes, basil leaves, reasoned cream, salt and freshly ground black pepperWhite Bean and Rosemary Soup with Roasted Garlic CroutonsUnsalted butter, olive oil, onion, carrots, celery, vegetable broth, fresh rosemaryCreamy Potato Soup with Sour Cream, Bacon and ChivesBacon, onion, garlic, potatoes, chicken broth, salt and freshly ground black pepper , sour cream, Cheddar cheese ,chivesWintertime Tomato Soup with Grilled Cheese CroutonsOlive oil, celery, carrot, tomatoes, crushed tomatoes, tomato paste, vegetable broth, bay leaf, cream salt and freshly ground black pepperStracciatella (Italian Egg Drop Soup)Chicken broth, eggs, grated Parmesan cheese, plus more for garnish, semolina flour, spinach, parsley, nutmeg, salt and freshly ground black pepperMushroom Solyanka cabbage with vinegar, tomatoes, and cucumber pickles, with puny brine, mushrooms, onions, lemon skin.SALADHouse SaladMixed field greens with hearts of palm, red cabbage carrots. Served with your choice of a Candle dressing.Classic CaesarRomaine lettuce with herbed croutons in a creamy caesar dressing and sprinkled with toasted dulse.Chicken SaladMixed leaves, chicken pieces, cucumber, tomato, corn, boiled egg and dijon mustard dressingSoba Noodle SaladSoba Noodles, ginger grilled tofu, shiitake mushrooms, edamame, julienne vegetable carrots, radish andsesame seeds over mesclun with a creamy wasabi dressing.Roasted Pear SaladArugula, roasted pears, shaved fennel, cashew-tofu cheese and toasted walnuts. Served with a cranberry vinaigrette dressing.Aztec SaladBi-color quinoa, black beans, red onions jicama topped with spiced pumpkin seeds and barbequed grilled tempeh. served over interracial field greens with a toasted cumin vinaigrette.Buffalo Chicken SaladFried chicken tossed with spirited Buffalo sauce and served over a bed of obscure greens with Bleu Cheese crumbles, mushrooms, tomatoes and eggs. Best with Bleu Cheese dressing.California Bleu Salad cherubic mixed greens topped with Bleu Cheese crumbles, gamey sugared walnuts and fresh strawberries. Served with Bleu Cheese toast. Best with Sweet Balsamic Vinaigrette dressing.Hawaiian Chicken Shrimp SaladA skewer of spicy grilled shrimp and tender diced chicken tossed in a sesame marinade. Served atop fresh mixed greens with tomatoes, sweet pineapple chunks, walnuts and toasted coconut. Best with Asian Sesame dressing.Monterey Chicken SaladHerb seasoned or Cajun-style chicken atop fresh mixed greens with bacon and egg, tomatoes, jack and cheddar cheeses. Best with Honey Mustard dressing.Spinach Goat Cheese SaladLeaf spinach, red onions, mushrooms, bacon and egg with goat cheese, topped with spicy sugared walnuts. Best with our Hot Bacon Vinaigrette.Asian Sesame SaladDiced fried chicken tossed in our sesame marina de over mixed greens, red onions, tomatoes and mandarin oranges. Topped with Asian noodles. Best with Asian Sesame dressing.Smoked Chicken Cobb SaladSmoked chicken atop mixed greens with tomatoes, black olives, red onions, jack and cheddar cheeses and crumbled bacon. Best with Ranch dressing.Provence SaladChicken, ham, corn, peppers, cheese, cucumber, tomato, egg, mixed salad with a whole grain mustard and herbs de Provence dressingNordic SaladSmoked salmon from Norway, egg, salad, sorrel, chives and raspberry vinegar crenature Caviar SaladFresh scallops, sevrugas caviar, endive, cider vinegar and saffronSMOOTHIES and HEALTH DRINKSOrange, Banana or Berry SmoothieMilkshakesBanana, Strawberry, Mango and Kiwi with pieces of white and dark chocolate on the top.Vitamin PowerStrawberries, kiwifruit, yoghurt, soy milk, wheat germ and honey (high in vitamins)Pick Me UpBanana, pineapple juice, coconut milk, yoghurt, honey, wheat germ and ice (energy booster)San Pellegrino calm down or spark ling waterFreshly Squeezed OrangeApple or Cranberry juiceGlass of MilkDESSERTSCarrot streakDecadent Chocolate CakeDaily Cheese cakeSweet Potato PieSeasonal Fruit Crumb PieChocolate Mousse Pie( For the detailed price, we have to consolidate it during the first 6 months of detailed marketing study)4.4.2. ServicesOur employees are well trained waiters and waitresses. They will always welcome customers with warm smile and serve you in a very polite manner.We also offer takeaway or phone order services for people in a hurry. We just want to provide as much convenience as possible to meet our customers needs.4.4.3. PriceAccording to our marketing research, the average cost for drinks is around 100RUB (3euros), desserts for 100RUB (3euros), a good meal be about 400RUB (12euros) for one person, etc. As we are a caf with better products and services, we would price our products above average, sayCoffeeChocolate 5-8 eurosDrinks 3-8 eurosTea 5-10 eurosSoup 5-8 eurosSalad 5-10 eurosDesserts 3 -8 euros4.4.4. Place (distribution)We plan to find a place near the business area because our main target is business people who care about quality of the products and services.In our future planning, we would like to develop our caf business in Russia through franchising after we have established the model of our caf brand, of course, this idea should be based on the good operation result of our first caf shop.4.4.5. PromotionsAs we are a totally new coffee shop shop in Moscow, it is very necessary to use effective ways to make us known to Moscow people. We plan to use the following methods to promote ourselvesAdvertisingAdvertise our cafe shop on magazines such as business magazines, food magazines, etc. and newspapersAdvertise our cafe through radio, so that Moscow people can get the information during breakfast time, driving a car, etc. We do not plan to do advertisement, for it is too expensive for us, however, radio ads is a comparatively cheaper way.Showing billboard-type ad s in business areasUsing transit ads on buses, subways and commuter trainsInternet MarketingWe decide to build up our own website in order to provide as much information as we can to attract more customers.Sales PromotionEstablish customer management system. Offer a fidelity card for customers when reaches a certain amount of consumption. And each time they consume in our coffee shop, they earn points into his card. The earned points can be used as cash to pay for the products they buy in our cafe shop.Offer coupons occasionallyOffer free goods according to different national holidays (eg. Valentines Day Christmas, etc.5. Action PlanResearch has shown thatRelationship Marketing is the current process of identifying and creating value with individual customers and then sharing the benefits from this over a lifetime association. It involves Understanding, focusing and management of ongoing collaborationBetween suppliers and selected customersFor mutual value creation and sharingThrou gh interdependence and organizational alignment.(From Gordon, Relationship Marketing, pg9.)To implement our strategy with this approach we need to focus on customer benefits on a long time scale basis.The action plan has been established using this approach.WhatObjectivesBenefitWhenWho/LeadTeam organizationOrganize the whole team. What are the objectives, the milestones, people in chargeProject Manager (PM)Align the project strategy with the business customer expectationsBe align on a same set of objectivesGoing the same way.PMProject LaunchStart the new project and let it knowProject team/PMDescribing the process and the people involvedBe aware of the advantages each one has to forecast and organize in advance. Understand the constraints and possibilities offered by the process.By knowing who is doing what and for which purpose, people can improve the whole processTaking into account the customer surveyDesigning the offer, adapt the menuAdapt to the consumer requirementsDesigning t he offer

In Defense of Canadas Rejection of the Death Penalty Essay -- Canada

A man, allegedly accused of first degree murder, has been put on a political campaign to see what his sentence will be. People argon outraged and protesting for him to be put on death row. Family and friends of the victim are traumatized, seeking vengeance for the 1 that they have lost, hoping that Canada can bend the rules just once to get the justice they think they deserve. On the other hand, the prisoner sits in the court room hold for the verdict that will ultimately change his life forever. He only has two options if base guilty he will receive life imprisonment, if found innocent he will be let off scotch free. Or theres always the third choice, the death penalisation. How far does the date have to go to stop him from killing? This could mean bringing back capital punishment to Canada. Theres the theory of an eye for an eye, or besides the chance of a wrongful conviction. As with any debate there are pros and cons all weighing up to the final question, should Canada us e the death penalisation, or continue to use life imprisonment? Although in the United States, most placed do not use the death penalty there are some that still do under certain circumstances. Canada is a Country that has not one province or territory that used the death penalty but Canada hasnt always used life imprisonment. Between 1892 and 1961, the death penalty was used in Canada and the result was death by hanging. It wasnt until 1914 that the death penalty was up for debate and the first bill to abolish it completely was made. In 1954, rape did not qualify as a death penalty punishment anymore. The Parliament dived murder into capital and non-capital categories in 1964. It took a long time, but the first time that the bill to abolish the death penalty was debat... ...serli, Joe. . (2010, celestial latitude 10). In a nutshell. Retrieved from http//www.balancedpolitics.org/death_penalty.htm Munroe,. (2010, October 31). Canada online . Retrieved from http//canadaonline.abou t.com/od/crime/a/abolitioncappun.htm Phil B., . (2010). Phil for humanity . Retrieved from http//www.philforhumanity.com/Capital_Punishment.html Robinson, Bruce.A. (2007, August 07). Religious tolerance. Retrieved from http//www.religioustolerance.org/executb.htm Skerrit,. (2009, February 03). Dominica news. Retrieved from http//www.dominica-weekly.com/news/prime-minister-roosevelt-skerrit-supports-the-death-penalty/ Tackaberry,. (2000, April). Amnesty international. Retrieved from http//www.amnesty.ca/deathpenalty/canada.php Tempest, Rone. (2008, June 30). Death penalty focis. Retrieved from http//www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=42

Essay --

This paper aims to answer 2 research questions. For the first question With the measure of role plays, what refusal strategies would the abroad students adopt more frequently in distinguishable interlocutory status? From the data analysis, we can see that the oversea student in the study adopted many contrasting refusal strategies in different interlocutor statuses. The 6 scenarios have similar imposition, which is to refusal an invitation to a party. The changing variables are the distance and power. In this complex contextual situation, the student was able to change her refusal strategies in different situations. She adopted more strategies when she refused a person of a higher social status or distant relations, in order to save the hearers face. On the other hand, when she refused a person of lower social status or close relations, she would change the refusal strategies and make the conversations more relaxing and casual. champion important reason might be that the oversea students are more aware of the social communication skills because they can learn more about the cultural struggle and communicative differences in the process of their oversea studies. They must communicate with many foreign teachers and students, and experience culture shock at the same time. As a result, they can be more familiar with the pragmatic features of different strategies.The second question is that Is there any difference in the refusal strategies between oversea students and other EFL learners in China? There are many researches related to the different refusal strategies between NS and NNS. The previous findings showed that many NNS preferred to use a range strategy and less differentiated supportive moves at the same time, 40% of NNS prov... ...in comparing with Chinese EFL learners refusal strategies, we borrowed findings from other researches because of time limitation, and this may cause the results being different from what it should be.Here are some suggest ions for the future study first, in order to make sure the data are effective, we should invite more oversea students with difference learning experience and language proficiency second, in a precise study, more social and contextual variables should be taken into consideration, in order to exam students different reaction and strategies finally, if we want to compare the oversea students with Chinese EFL students, we should invite both to participate in the research, rather than depending on other studies and research findings. In conclusion, in order to prove or modify the research findings, further researches are still needed in the future.

Cruel and Unusual? Exploring JLWOP Sentencing Essay -- Criminal Justic

The JLWOP sentence (or juvenile life without parole) has been the topic of controversy lately. Many have battered the issue back and forth, based on the morality take aim of American society. Should juveniles be sentenced to life without parole? In some cases people ar pecking children in our society as less than competent, despite the mass of countries around the world that view adulthood as beginning shortly after puberty. It is impossible to deny the emotional and physiological differences between adolescents and adults. However, I gestate that despite these natural changes we go through as humans, occasionally there are deformities that can be the cause of some to deviate from this natural practice session of progression. I believe in some cases, once a juvenile has crossed the line of murder and victimization, there is very little anyone can do to prevent it from happening again. Because of this, I support JLWOP sentencing when the psychological stability of the juvenile is compromised.The JLWOP sentence is a sentencing guideline that is universe debated by the absolute Court adjacent the ruling against children receiving the death sentence in 2003. The Supreme Court ruled that death sentences for minors were deemed cruel and unusual punishment and violated the Eighth Amendment of the constitution. The Supreme Court is now looking to the JLWOP with a moral parameter based on that 2003 ruling, attempting to decide whether or not JLWOP is considered unconstitutional by means of being cruel and unusual. In order to determine cruel and unusual punishment, the Supreme Court would have to find that JLWOP was excessive and disproportional to the crime of a juvenile. In rare cases, it is the only option for some young people today, despite... ...ders committed by juveniles that do not warrant this sentencing. Rather, the juvenile court system should view each case individually, despite the charge and make the best decision for the offender, the victims and the community. If the JLWOP continues to be mandated, society in general should demand stringent guidelines to ensure we are not punishing the adults of tomorrow, but rather to keep society safe from those individuals that pose a lifelong threat. Works CitedLockup Hollman. Dir. Hillary Heath for MSNBC. Perf. Kenny Loggins. 2006.M.D., Dr. Glen Gabbard. Treatment of psychiatrical Disorders Third Edition. Washington DC American Psychiatric Publishing, 2001.Sukhoi, Yevgney. Killing for Kicks, Youth Confess to 21 Murders. Moscow Russia Today, 2008.Totenberg, Nina. Supreme Court Ends Death Penalty for Juviniles. national Public Radio. 2005.

Benefits of the US- Chile Free Trade Agreement :: essays research papers

Benefits of the US- Chile Free passel AgreementThe meeting of minds betwixt Chile and the United States has brought nearly a long wait union pertaining to necessitous trade. Chile responded enthusiastically when presented with the opportunity to become a part of 1994s North the Statesn Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) but because of the emerge of presidential fast-track trade negotiation authority, the merger did not come to fruition. Now, nearly a decade later -- after negotiations began in the year 2000 -- Chile and America have come to their own agreement with regard to free trade, one that is both historic and comprehensive in nature.On September 3, 2003, President George W. furnish sanctifyed the United States - Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Which went into effect on January 1, 2004. Chile was the first country in Latin America to sign this type of agreement with the United States. The United States - Chile Free Trade Agreement allows two nations to strengthen and develo p sparing relations and to establish free trade between them. The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Chile, resolve to(a)Strengthen the special bonds of friendship and cooperation between their nations(b)Contribute to the harmonious using and expansion of world trade and provide catalyst to broader international cooperation. (c)Create an expanded and secure market for the goods and services produced in their territories. (d)Avoid distortions in their reciprocal cross trade. (e)Establish clear and mutually advantageous rules governing their trade. (f)Ensure a predictable commercial framework for business plan and investment. (g)Build on their several(prenominal) rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization and other seven-sided and bilateral instruments of cooperation. (h)Enhance the competitiveness of their firms in worldwide markets. (i)Foster creativity and innovation, nurture tr ade in goods and services that are the subject of intellectual property rights. (j)Create new employment opportunities and improve working(a) conditions and living standards in the respected territories.(k)Build on their respective international commitments and strengthen their cooperation on labor matters. (l)Protect and enhance and enforce basic workers rights.(m) go across this agreement in a matter consistent with environmental protection and conservation.(n)Promote sustainable development. (o)Conserve protect and improve the environment, including through managing natural resources in their respective territories and through multilateral environmental agreements to which they are both parties. (p)Preserve their flexibility to safeguard the public welfare and (q) Contribute to hemispheric integration and the fulfillment of the objectives of the Free Trade reach of the Americas (http//www.Benefits of the US- Chile Free Trade Agreement essays research papersBenefits of the US- Chile Free Trade AgreementThe meeting of minds between Chile and the United States has brought about a long awaited union pertaining to free trade. Chile responded enthusiastically when presented with the opportunity to become a part of 1994s North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) but because of the issue of presidential fast-track trade negotiation authority, the merger did not come to fruition. Now, nearly a decade later -- after negotiations began in the year 2000 -- Chile and America have come to their own agreement with regard to free trade, one that is both historic and comprehensive in nature.On September 3, 2003, President George W. Bush signed the United States - Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Which went into effect on January 1, 2004. Chile was the first country in Latin America to sign this type of agreement with the United States. The United States - Chile Free Trade Agreement allows two nations to strengthen and develop economic relations and to establish f ree trade between them. The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Chile, resolve to(a)Strengthen the special bonds of friendship and cooperation between their nations(b)Contribute to the harmonious development and expansion of world trade and provide catalyst to broader international cooperation. (c)Create an expanded and secure market for the goods and services produced in their territories. (d)Avoid distortions in their reciprocal trade. (e)Establish clear and mutually advantageous rules governing their trade. (f)Ensure a predictable commercial framework for business planning and investment. (g)Build on their respective rights and obligations under the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization and other multilateral and bilateral instruments of cooperation. (h)Enhance the competitiveness of their firms in global markets. (i)Foster creativity and innovation, promote trade in goods and services that are the subject of in tellectual property rights. (j)Create new employment opportunities and improve working conditions and living standards in the respected territories.(k)Build on their respective international commitments and strengthen their cooperation on labor matters. (l)Protect and enhance and enforce basic workers rights.(m) Implement this agreement in a matter consistent with environmental protection and conservation.(n)Promote sustainable development. (o)Conserve protect and improve the environment, including through managing natural resources in their respective territories and through multilateral environmental agreements to which they are both parties. (p)Preserve their flexibility to safeguard the public welfare and (q) Contribute to hemispheric integration and the fulfillment of the objectives of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (http//www.

james madison Essay -- essays research papers

James Madison begins his famous federalist paper by explaining that the purpose of this essay is to help the readers understand how the construction of the proposed governwork forcet makes liberty possible. Each weapon system should be, for the most part, in Madisons opinion, independent. To assure such independence, no one starting time should have too much post in selecting members of the early(a) two branches. If this belief were strictly followed, it would mean that the citizens should select the president, the legislators, and the judges. But, the framers recognized certain practical difficulties in making every office elective. In particular, the judicial branch would suffer because the fair person is non aw be of the qualifications judges should possess. Judges should have great ability, alone also be supererogatory of political pressures. Since federal judges are appointed for life, their thinking provide not be influenced by the president who appoints them, or th e senators whose consent the president will seek. Madison furthers, the members of each branch should not be too dependent on the members of the other two branches in the determination of their salaries. The best security against a gradual concentration of creator in any one branch is to provide constitutional safeguards that would make such concentration difficult. The constitutional rights of all moldinessiness check one mans personal interests and ambitions. We whitethorn not like to admit that men abuse power, but the very drive for government itself proves they do, "if men were angels, no government would be necessary." Unfortunately, all men are imperfect, the rulers and the ruled. Consequently, the great problem in skeletal system a government is that the government must be sufficient to control the people, but equally important, must be forced to control itself. The dependence of the government on the will of the people is undoubtedly the best control, but exper ience teaches that other controls are necessary. Dividing power helps to check its growth in any one direction, but power cannot be divided absolutely equally. In the republican form of government, the legislative branch tends to be the most powerful. That is why the framers divided the Congress into two branches, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and provided for a different method of choice in each branch. Further safeguards against legislative tyranny may be neces... ...ports Partition of powersEach Department     Should have a will of its own      thereof members of each should have little to do with appointments of members of the other     Member of each should be as little dependent as possible of the others for the emoluments annexed to their offices.In framing a government1.     government take to control the governed2.     government needs to control itselfEach department should have different amounts of self-defense because some departments need it more than others.Ex. Repersentative government legislative large divided into subgroups.Two considerations     Single - All the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government. immix power first divided by two distinct governments and then each portion subdivided among separate departments.     Guard society not only of subjection of its rulers, but also injustice of the other part. Need to guard minorities.Keeps people from just electing someone on a whim. james madison Essay -- essays enquiry papers James Madison begins his famous federalist paper by explaining that the purpose of this essay is to help the readers understand how the structure of the proposed government makes liberty possible. Each branch should be, for the most part, in Madisons opinion, independent. To assure such independe nce, no one branch should have too much power in selecting members of the other two branches. If this principle were strictly followed, it would mean that the citizens should select the president, the legislators, and the judges. But, the framers recognized certain practical difficulties in making every office elective. In particular, the judicial branch would suffer because the average person is not aware of the qualifications judges should possess. Judges should have great ability, but also be free of political pressures. Since federal judges are appointed for life, their thinking will not be influenced by the president who appoints them, or the senators whose consent the president will seek. Madison furthers, the members of each branch should not be too dependent on the members of the other two branches in the determination of their salaries. The best security against a gradual concentration of power in any one branch is to provide constitutional safeguards that would make such c oncentration difficult. The constitutional rights of all must check one mans personal interests and ambitions. We may not like to admit that men abuse power, but the very need for government itself proves they do, "if men were angels, no government would be necessary." Unfortunately, all men are imperfect, the rulers and the ruled. Consequently, the great problem in framing a government is that the government must be able to control the people, but equally important, must be forced to control itself. The dependence of the government on the will of the people is undoubtedly the best control, but experience teaches that other controls are necessary. Dividing power helps to check its growth in any one direction, but power cannot be divided absolutely equally. In the republican form of government, the legislative branch tends to be the most powerful. That is why the framers divided the Congress into two branches, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and provided for a di fferent method of election in each branch. Further safeguards against legislative tyranny may be neces... ...ports Partition of powersEach Department     Should have a will of its own     Thus members of each should have little to do with appointments of members of the other     Member of each should be as little dependent as possible of the others for the emoluments annexed to their offices.In framing a government1.     government needs to control the governed2.     government needs to control itselfEach department should have different amounts of self-defense because some departments need it more than others.Ex. Repersentative government legislative huge divided into subgroups.Two considerations     Single - All the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government. Compound power first divided by two distinct government s and then each portion subdivided among separate departments.     Guard society not only of oppression of its rulers, but also injustice of the other part. Need to guard minorities.Keeps people from just electing someone on a whim.

Same-Sex Marriage Essay -- Homosexual Gay Lesbian Papers

Same-Sex Marriage Many people believe that marriage is an integral part of their lives. Currently, marriage is defined within the parameters of a league of one man and one woman. Under Canadian common law, a same-sex couple cannot get married and the government refuses to acknowledge homosexuals as equals. Prohibiting same-sex marriages in jurisprudence is discrimination. Denying homosexuals the ability to form this bond violates freedom of expression, equality rights for minorities, and freedom of religion, provisions present in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This is an issue of equality, security and freedom. If gays are denied the basic homophile right of marriage, one must ask the question where does society stand today? This issue is controversial because many fear that marriage as an origination will be destroyed if same-sex marriage is passed through legislation. Really, there is no compelling reason to believe that legalizing gay marriage would affect traditional marriage, that is, if a traditional marriage even exists. Public opinion is considerably more tolerant of homosexuality than it has been in the past, but lesbian and gay communities nevertheless gravel from discrimination due to their sexual orientation. While it is discriminatory and unethical to say that you have to be straight to have rights and to be accepted as a human being (Steirs 164), many people oppose gay marriage because they assume that gays have a choice in who they can feel attracted to, and the earth is quite different. Through rapid advances in genetic research and biotechnology, many scientists have confirmed that sexual orientation is in... ...n Network Ltd. 1993. Moore, Leah. Points in Defense of jocund Marriage. 21 April 2001. (3 November 2002). Rauch, Jonathan. Anything but Marriage? The Atlantic Monthly May 2002. Robinson, B.A. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 9 November, 2002. (10 Nove mber 2002). Stiers, Gretchen A. From This Day Forward. Commitment, Marriage, and Family in Lesbian and Gay Relationships. St. Martins Press refreshed York. 1999. Tessina, Tina. Gay Relationships for Men and Women, Los Angeles Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc,1989. Vanasco, Jennifer. Families United in Law. Chicago Free Press 13 February 2002. Vincent, Norah. A lot of Hooey on Same-Sex Marriage Gays Didnt clank Marriage. Los Angeles Times 9 August 2001.